• Photos/Telescopes


Canada



Ottawa
35 540 419 (2014)
9 984 670 km2
3 855 101 mi2
5 959 m
19 551 ft
Mount Logan

A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867, while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically, the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across the world's longest unfortified border. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care, education, social services, and economic competitiveness, as well as responding to the particular concerns of predominantly francophone Quebec. Canada also aims to develop its diverse energy resources while maintaining its commitment to the environment.
  • varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

Americas
Northern America

Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US

  • second-largest country in world (after Russia) and largest in the Americas
  • strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route
  • approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km (100 mi) of the US border
  • Canada has more fresh water than any other country and almost 9% of Canadian territory is water
  • Canada has at least 2 million and possibly over 3 million lakes - that is more than all other countries combined

  • mostly plains with mountains in west, lowlands in southeast

Mount Logan
5 959 m
19 551 ft
Atlantic Ocean
0 m
0 ft
Mount Logan Mount Everest
  • iron ore
  • nickel
  • zinc
  • copper
  • gold
  • lead
  • rare earth elements
  • molybdenum
  • potash
  • diamonds
  • silver
  • fish
  • timber
  • wildlife
  • coal
  • petroleum
  • natural gas
  • hydropower
Continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains
The vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant
  • metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity
  • air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests
  • ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities

9 984 670 km2
3 855 101 mi2
9 093 507 km2
3 511 021 mi2
891 163 km2
344 080 mi2
33.04 % 22.4 % 98.08 % 40.41 % 55.97 % 129.81 % 71.32 % 1.96 %
8893 km
5526 mi
US 8893 km/5526 mi

202 080 km/125 567 mi

38.10 %

5.05 %

7.18 %
  • wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables
  • dairy products
  • fish
  • forest products
  • transportation equipment
  • chemicals
  • processed and unprocessed minerals
  • food products
  • wood and paper products
  • fish products
  • petroleum
  • natural gas

35 540 419

+1.08%

50.4 %

49.6 %
0-14

16.0 %
15-64

68.3 %
65+

15.7 %

3.56 / km2
9.22 / mi2

81.65%
29 018 752

18%
6 521 667

79.33 yrs

83.58 Années

81.47 Années
3.2 % 0.8 % 4.79 % 6.72 % 9.17 % 94.24 % 0.48 %
  • English (official) 58.7%
  • French (official) 22%
  • Punjabi 1.4%
  • Italian 1.3%
  • Spanish 1.3%
  • German 1.3%
  • Cantonese 1.2%
  • Tagalog 1.2%
  • Arabic 1.1%
  • Other 10.5%
  • Catholic 40.6% (includes Roman Catholic 38.8%; Orthodox 1.6%; other Catholic .2%)
  • Protestant 20.3% (includes United Church 6.1%; Anglican 5%; Baptist 1.9%; Lutheran 1.5%; Pentecostal 1.5%; Presbyterian 1.4%; other Protestant 2.9%)
  • Other Christian 6.3%
  • Muslim 3.2%
  • Hindu 1.5%
  • Sikh 1.4%
  • Buddhist 1.1%
  • Jewish 1%
  • Other 0.6%
  • None 23.9%
  • Canadian 32.2%
  • English 19.8%
  • French 15.5%
  • Scottish 14.4%
  • Irish 13.8%
  • German 9.8%
  • Italian 4.5%
  • Chinese 4.5%
  • North American Indian 4.2%
  • Other 50.9%


Canada


Canada

Canada

Canadá

Canada

カナダ
A parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional monarchy

The country name is derived from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word "kanata" meaning village or settlement

Bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (105 seats; members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and can serve until age 75) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (338 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve a maximum of 4-year terms)

Two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width) with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the maple leaf has long been a Canadian symbol
"O Canada"
Maple leaf, beaver
National colors: red, white
  • 1 July 1867
    (union of British North American colonies)
    11 December 1931
    (recognized by UK per Statute of Westminster)

  • Canada Day, 1 July (1867)
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CDB, CE (observer), EAPC, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Ottawa
45 25 N, 75 42 W
UTC-5

Toronto 5.993 million
Montreal 3.981 million
Vancouver 2.485 million
Calgary 1.337 million
OTTAWA 1.326 million
Edmonton 1.272 million

10 provinces and 3 territories*
Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon*
1,467 (2013)
Halifax, Saint John (New Brunswick), Vancouver
2.7
beds/1,000 population (2010)
2.07
physicians/1,000 population (2010)
Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges); note - in 1949, Canada finally abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
18 years of age
universal

Canadian Forces
Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force, Canada Command (homeland security) (2011)


As a high-tech industrial society in the trillion-dollar class, Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US, its principal trading partner. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with the US, which absorbs about three-fourths of Canadian merchandise exports each year. Canada is the US's largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil, gas, and electric power, and a top source of US uranium imports. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Buffeted by the global economic crisis, the economy dropped into a sharp recession in the final months of 2008, and Ottawa posted its first fiscal deficit in 2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks, however, emerged from the financial crisis of 2008-09 among the strongest in the world, owing to the early intervention by the Bank of Canada and the financial sector's tradition of conservative lending practices and strong capitalization. Canada achieved marginal growth in 2010-14 and plans to balance the budget by 2015 despite the recent drop in oil prices. In addition, the country's petroleum sector is rapidly expanding, because Alberta's oil sands significantly boosted Canada's proven oil reserves. Canada now ranks third in the world in proved oil reserves behind Saudi Arabia and Venezuela and is the world’s fifth-largest oil producer.

1 565 812 780 384.6
$USD
44 057.2
$USD
+2.44
%
machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods
  • US 54.5%
  • China 11.5%
  • Mexico 5.6%
motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum
  • US 76.8%
Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar
1.1047 (2014 est.)

1.9% (2014 est.)
1 042 300 km
647 655 mi
77 932 km
48 425 mi
636 km
395 mi
(Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States)
48 per 100 people
country code - 1
submarine cables provide links to the US and Europe
82.98 / 100
87.12 / 100
.ca
  • 2 public TV broadcasting networks each with a large number of network affiliates
  • several private-commercial networks also with multiple network affiliates
  • overall, about 150 TV stations
  • multi-channel satellite and cable systems provide access to a wide range of stations including US stations
  • mix of public and commercial radio broadcasters with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the public radio broadcaster, operating 4 radio networks, Radio Canada International, and radio services to indigenous populations in the north
  • roughly 2,000 licensed radio stations (2008)
AM 245
FM 582
shortwave 6 (2004)
485 463.13 kt
14.14
kt par habitant
12.14
μg/m3
33 009.50
kt CO2 equivalent
104 499.80
kt CO2 equivalent
11
11
42
4 050
100 %
100 %
7 149
kg of oil equivalent per capita
72 %
24 %

Source de données: worldbank.com, wikipedia.org, infoplease.com, CIA World Factbook


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